Regulatory Change for Boron in United States
The U.S. Federal Register published the 2025 Critical Minerals List, adding boron to the list, thereby elevating its policy status and potential support.
Boron production
Boron, in the form of borates, is a vital commodity with numerous applications across various industries. Borates are naturally occurring mineral compounds consisting mainly of boron, oxygen, and hydrogen, often found in evaporated lake beds. They are mined globally, primarily in the United States, Turkey, and Russia. The primary use of borates is in glass and ceramics production, where they act as fluxing agents, lowering melting points and improving workability. Additionally, borates serve as micronutrient fertil...
Boron, in the form of borates, is a vital commodity with numerous applications across various industries. Borates are naturally occurring mineral compounds consisting mainly of boron, oxygen, and hydrogen, often found in evaporated lake beds. They are mined globally, primarily in the United States, Turkey, and Russia.
The primary use of borates is in glass and ceramics production, where they act as fluxing agents, lowering melting points and improving workability. Additionally, borates serve as micronutrient fertilizers and insecticides in agriculture due to their metabolic-disrupting properties. In industry, they are used in wood preservatives, detergents, and chemical compounds production.
Borates are produced through a mining and processing sequence, involving extraction and concentration via physical and chemical methods. The most common method involves dissolving ore in sodium hydroxide solution, followed by precipitation and calcination to produce stable solid products sold as powders or granules.
Market intelligence
The U.S. Federal Register published the 2025 Critical Minerals List, adding boron to the list, thereby elevating its policy status and potential support.
An Australian mine developer postponed construction of its Nevada boron project until March 2026 due to an 80% drop in lithium prices, delaying boron by‑product production.
The European Commission designated the Jadar project in Serbia as a strategic critical raw material project, supporting investment and supply security for boron and lithium.
Geologic exploration of Serbia’s Jarandol Basin confirmed boron mineralization, indicating new potential boron reserves.
A Canada‑based developer signed a letter of intent to renovate and extend the mine life of the Pobrdje mine in Serbia, expanding boron (colemanite) production capacity.
The National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal year 2024 included an amendment to study boron supply chains, potentially influencing U.S. policy and investment in boron-related industries.
The Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment was expected to complete the boron supply chain study by Q1 2024, providing guidance on future U.S. defense-related boron requirements.
Construction began on a California boron mine project in April, aimed at producing specialty boron products for decarbonization and food security industries.
Turkey opened its first boron carbide facility in March 2023, adding a 1,000‑ton‑per‑year production capacity to the global boron carbide supply.
The Nevada-based boron project is anticipated to begin production in 2023, marking the opening of a new boron mine.
China's boron reserves were revised based on government reports, updating the reserve estimate to 21,000 metric tons of boric oxide equivalent.
Turkey began construction of a ferroboron facility in September 2022, expanding domestic capacity for ferroboron used in permanent magnets.
An Australian‑British multinational mining corporation completed a lithium demonstration plant at its Boron Mine, producing battery‑grade lithium from waste rock and demonstrating processing potential on boron mine resources.
The California-based boron project is expected to commence production in 2021, opening a new boron mine.
U.S. ad valorem tariffs on boric acids (1.5%) and refined borax (0.3% for anhydrous, 0.1% for non-anhydrous) were effective December 31, 2015, affecting import costs and trade flows.
Erin Ventures Inc. initiated legal proceedings to establish a borate mine in Piskanja, Serbia, marking the planned opening of a new mine.
Turkey’s state‑owned Eti Maden invested in new refineries, expanding its refined borate processing capacity, which has increased production since 2008.
A 14% depletion allowance was applied to borax, both domestically and abroad, altering reserve accounting and mining economics.
Turkey’s boron reserves were revised from 4,100 to 4,200 thousand metric tons based on updated government reports, affecting future supply outlook.
Erin Ventures Inc. initiated proceedings to start borate mining in Piskanja, Serbia, planning a new mine opening.
The EU added borates to its REACH Restricted Substances List in 2013, requiring detergent manufacturers to reduce boron usage and thereby affecting global demand for boron compounds.
Turkey expanded refined borate production through new refineries and technologies, increasing processing capacity.
The European Union added borates to its list of banned materials for detergents, restricting their use and impacting European borate demand.
Rio Tinto Minerals sold its Borax Argentina mining assets, including the Tincalayu Mine, to Orocobre Ltd., changing ownership of a major Argentine boron operation.
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