Export Restriction for Antimony in China
China banned all antimony exports to the United States, imposing a complete export ban and restricting US market access.
Antimony trade
Antimony oxides are a significant trade commodity with multiple uses and origins. Primarily produced in countries like China, Russia, and Bolivia, they serve various industries. Their primary applications include flame retardants in plastics, textiles, and rubber, as well as in ceramics and enamels to enhance durability. Additionally, antimony oxides improve glass properties by increasing its refractive index and transparency. They are also used in the production of alloys like lead and tin, which benefits from the...
Antimony oxides are a significant trade commodity with multiple uses and origins. Primarily produced in countries like China, Russia, and Bolivia, they serve various industries.
Their primary applications include flame retardants in plastics, textiles, and rubber, as well as in ceramics and enamels to enhance durability. Additionally, antimony oxides improve glass properties by increasing its refractive index and transparency. They are also used in the production of alloys like lead and tin, which benefits from their hardness and mechanical properties.
Antimony oxides contribute to the performance of lead-acid batteries during charge and discharge cycles. Typically traded as powder or granules, they can be sourced from antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) and antimony pentoxide (Sb2O5). Market prices fluctuate due to factors such as supply and demand, production costs, and geopolitical conditions.
Country-level reported imports and exports by year.
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Market intelligence
China banned all antimony exports to the United States, imposing a complete export ban and restricting US market access.
China required export license applications for all antimony products, tightening export controls and impacting global antimony supply chains.
U.S. Department of Defense conditionally awarded additional funding to an Idaho mining company to reestablish a domestic antimony source, supporting domestic production.
Chinese government revised antimony reserves based on new reports, updating reserve estimates for China.
Vietnamese government revised antimony reserves based on new reports, updating reserve estimates for Vietnam.
Refined antimony price spiked to $6.65 per pound in October 2021 amid supply constraints.
Perpetua Resources Corp. entered a supply agreement with Ambri Inc. to provide antimony from the Stibnite Gold Project for its liquid‑metal battery development.
Perpetua Resources Corp. signed a collaboration agreement with U.S. Antimony Corp. to explore processing antimony concentrate from the Stibnite Gold Project at USAC facilities.
U.S. federal agencies mandated immediate cleanup of contaminated conditions at Idaho's abandoned Stibnite mining district, imposing regulatory compliance for the project.
Worldwide shipping delays amplified the raw‑material shortage, constraining refined antimony supply.
Chinese antimony mines temporarily shut down for environmental audits and COVID‑19 containment, reducing raw‑material supply.
Russia’s Olimpiada Mine reduced antimony production to 2,500 t in 2021, a significant decline from 11,000 t in 2020, impacting global supply.
The COVID‑19 pandemic disrupted China’s antimony ore supply chain from Burma, Russia, and Tajikistan, leading to higher prices and supply uncertainty.
Australian antimony reserves were revised upward based on government and industry reports.
Burma antimony reserves were revised upward following updated government and industry assessments.
China’s antimony mine production fell 38 % in 2021 due to lower‑grade ores and declining reserves, shrinking domestic output.
Midas Gold Corp. completed a feasibility study for its Stibnite Gold Project in Idaho, indicating a potential future antimony mine opening.
In December 2020, Midas Gold Corp. announced the completion of a feasibility study for its Stibnite Gold Project in Idaho, indicating potential antimony recovery of up to 53,500 t over the mine life.
In 2020, the joint venture partners of the Oman Antimony Roaster project agreed to continue funding the smelter, sustaining its development.
In 2020, cost overruns and technical problems reduced the Oman Antimony Roaster smelter's operating capacity, limiting antimony output.
The Oman Antimony Roaster smelter began production in July 2019, marking the commencement of antimony processing in the country.
Following successful antipollution checks, private antimony producers in China resumed operations in fall 2017.
China lifted its antimony export quota and replaced it with an export license system, altering export controls.
China introduced stricter environmental controls for antimony production, prompting many large producers to reduce output.
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